Table 2

Characteristics of the immune risk phenotype

CD4:8 ratio < 1
poor T cell proliferative responses to mitogens
increased CD8+CD28-negative and CD8+CD57+ cells
low B cells count
CMV-seropositivity
clonal expansions of CD8 cells carrying receptors for CMV
high proportion of dysfunctional cells amongst the CMV-specific CD8 cells

Vasto et al. Immunity & Ageing 2007 4:2   doi:10.1186/1742-4933-4-2